The Soltan-Meydan basaltic suite (SMBS) contains a range of mafic volcanic rocks such as: basalt, trachybasalt, basaltic trachyandesite and basaltic andesite with a thickness of 1069 m.  High SiO2 and rhyolitic volcanic rocks in this suite may indicate bimodal volcanism. In addition, this suite includes xenolite of alkali feldspar granite at its agglomerate level, which indicates contamination of primary magma of SMBS by continental crust. This contamination becomes evident by samples with high K2O and high alkalinity. SMBS magmatism exhibits transitional character so that the samples plot near the discrimination line of alkaline and sub alkaline series, but they have a tendency to alkaline series.

The concentrations of sixteen elements and organic carbon were determined in 78 marine sediment samples collected from the Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf. Nine transects perpendicular to the coastline were sampled. Sixteen elements, including As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn (trace metals) and Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, P, S, Si (major metals), were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), respectively. In this study, the element concentrations in sediments have not exceeded the sediment quality guidelines and pose no environmental concerns with the exception of Ni, which is over than ERM. The spearman correlation matrix demonstrated that all elements except for arsenic, cadmium, barium and silicon, were significantly (P<0.01) correlated with iron. The Relative Contaminated Factor (RCF) for elements which had ISQG values and Enrichment Factors (EF) using Fe demonstrated that there was no metal enrichment by natural or anthropogenic sources except for Ni. High EF level for Ni demonstrated that nickel level in sediments of the Persian Gulf could have originated from anthropogenic sources.

Measurements of Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Hg, and Fe heavy metals and major elements and components such as Ca, HCO3, SO4, Na, K, Mg and Cl in soluble rain fractions were performed on rainwater collected at Arak plain during the rainy seasons of 2012. Concentrations of the heavy metals in the soluble fractions decreased for Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, As and Hg, respectively and the major elements and components of HCO3, SO4, Ca, Na, Mg, Cl and K, respectively. Enrichment factors related to the relative abundance of the elements in crustal material were calculated using Fe as the reference. High enrichment factors (EF crustal and EF playa water) suggested that, in general, heavy metals had an anthropogenic origin and major ions had a natural origin. Factor analysis with varimax normalized rotation grouped the analyzed elements into four factors. Factor 1 indicated a high loading for positive nps-K, nps-Mg, nps-Ca, nps-Cl, nps-HCO3 and negative Cu, Ni, nps-SO4 components and represented the crust and anthropogenic origin. Factor 2 indicated a high loading of As and Zn. These metals are characteristics of anthropogenic origin. Factor 3 indicated an anthropogenic origin for Pb and Fe. Factor 4 indicated crustal source for Hg. Calcareous soils and alkalin soils in Arak plain are the sources of major elements and industrial activity and traffic are the sources of heavy metals in the rainwater samples in Arak city.

Major revolutions, in addition to socio-political changes in a country, cause changes in the structure of international relations and behavior of main players in the world order. On this basis, major revolutions cause some states of revolutionary and anti revolutionary states in international order. Presenting particularities of major revolutions, this paper claims that with a study of international qualities of the four revolutions of France, Russia, China and Iran known among major modern revolutions, some measures and rules will be recognized for knowing and distinguishing them. Of the cases, Islamic Revolution as being based upon spirituality and religion has been placed in a particular position so that after four decades from its appearance it is of considerable regional and international effects and consequences. Extended current political changes in the countries of the west of Asia may be taken as proof for the claim.

In this investigation, soils, sediments and rocks of urban areas of Kerman studied to assess the degree of pollution by minor and trace elements as a consequence of anthropogenic sources.37 samples were collected and analyzed by ICP-MS for 30 elements. These concentrations were compared with environmental investigation limits. From this study it was possible to observe that the fresh rocks (limestone) near Kerman city contain relatively low concentrations of majority of major, minor and trace elements as shown by background values. Soils of Kerman are anomalously rich in some minor and trace elements. Most of the soil samples displayed concentrations of these elements higher than natural background values that which suggests an anthropogenic input besides the rock and sediment influences.The accumulation of these contaminants is likely to accelerate as a consequence of rapid traffic.economic and industrial growth in the urban environment of Kerman. Geochemical maps of some major? minor and trace elements in the rock, sediment and soils were produced using geographical information system (GIS) technology. Geochemical maps showed a increasing in concentrations of some potentially toxic elements from rural areas to Kerman city center. The most polluted points are caused soils close to battery repairing stores or discarded batteries and machinery oil painting (Pb>5000 ppm). It seems that traffic and wind- blown dust are responsible for high soil concentration in some of elements like Pb Cr, Sb and Sn. However some of elements Be, Ce, Ga, Hf, In, La, Li, Nb, Re, Ta, Te, Th, U, Y, Zr did not show any pollution in this area.

Objective About half of the human genome is covered by repetitive sequences. These sequences have a large share in the other mammalian genomes, therefore studying this part of the genome can provide researchers valuable information on evolution. The aim of this study was to sequencing and assembly the whole genome of Iranian Bactrian camels to identify transposable elements and their distribution in the genome of this species. In addition, the results of Iranian Bactrian camels were compared with non-Iranian Bactrian camels and dromedary camels. Materials and methods In this study, the whole genome of six Iranian Bactrian camels was sequenced to transposable elements identification. Iranian Bactrian camel whole genome sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 system in paired-end. FastQC and Trimmomatic software were used to quality control and quality filtering of raw sequencing reads, respectively. CLC Genomics Workbench (CLC Bio, Aarhus, Denmark) was used to de novo assembly of trimmed reads. Also, we used the RepeatMasker program to search for transposable elements using a homology-based method. Results Results of the assembling of sequenced genomes showed that the genome size in these samples ranged from 1. 9 to 1. 97 Gb. In the present study, the percentage of transposable elements for six Iranian Bactrian camels was 29. 89% on average of the whole genome. The percentage of LINE sequences for the Iranian Bactrian camel was 17. 58% on average. So, these sequences were considered as the largest group of transposable elements in the Bactrian camel in this study. SINE elements showed a lower number in comparison with LINEs. So that, only 3. 45% of the total Bactria camel genome length was dedicated to the SINEs. In accordance with the results of Iranian dromedary camels, no Alu element was identified in the genome of Iranian Bactrian camels. Conclusion Shortage of genomic and biological information about camels is one of the inhibiting factors in advancing the breeding goals and programs. Although this study is not enough alone, it can be a step towards starting the production of genomic data for camels. Continuing this kind of study and integrating biological and genomic information will provide the ground for the start of modern breeding in Iranian camels.

Major and minor elements in bulk rocks are due to occurrence of mostly quartz, ankerite, illite and minor pyrite. silicification forms megaquartz by dissolution and replacement of carbonates. Illite is unaffected during ankerite formation. Gold mineralization is unrelated to quartz, illite and pyrite contents. Gold mineralization is related to ankerite formation because gold content increases with increasing ankerite values. Gold mineralization occurred in a reducing burial environment. Fe in solution was high due to alteration of ultramafics and leaching of clay minerals during silicification. During silicification fluids were acidic and as these solutions progressively dissolved and replaced carbonate, the alkalinity of fluids increased and formed ankerite. In alkaline conditions, gold precipitated along with ankerite.

The Urmia Salt Lake as the largest hyper saline lake of the world is located between west and east Azerbaijan provinces, NW Iran. Geochemistry of trace and rare earth elements of bed sediments taken from 25 Cm of the lower most of 1. 5 meters depth of drilled holes in 130 samples between 2014-2015 were investigated. General geochemical composition of samples revealed a very heterogeneous variation of major oxides at NW, NE, SW and SE parts of the lake. MgO, CaO and Na2O show a high enrichment compared to UCC, PAA and NASC values. Main minerals of the bed sediments include halite, calcite, ankerite, quartz, orthoclase, augite, hornblende and chlorite. The overall geochemical composition of sediments, resemble ferruginous shale and graywacke sandstone. Weathering in the various parts of the bed sediments is relevant to general climatological characters in the region. Rb and Sr among trace elements show high anomaly in respect to UCC, PAAS and NASC, while Eu indicated high depletion, especially at SW corner of the lake. Geochemical comparisons indicate the major role of different rock units in forming bed sediments rather than sediments carried by entering rivers to the lake.